What is Nephrotic Syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms caused by damage to the kidney’s filtering units, called glomeruli. This condition results in excessive protein loss in the urine (proteinuria) and fluid retention in the body. Research indicates an estimated annual incidence of three new cases per 100,000 adults
Healthy glomeruli filter waste and excess fluid while retaining essential proteins like albumin. When damaged, they allow proteins to leak into the urine, disrupting the body’s balance.
sign & symptoms
Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome
Proteinuria
Excessive protein in the urine, often detected during routine urine tests.
Edema
Swelling in the legs, feet, and sometimes the face due to fluid accumulation.
Hypoalbuminemia
Low levels of albumin in the blood, leading to further fluid retention.
Hyperlipidemia
High levels of fats, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, in the blood.

Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome
Primary Causes:
- Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): Scarring of the kidney’s filtering units.
- Membranous Nephropathy: Thickening of the kidney filters.
- Minimal Change Disease (MCD): A common cause in children.
Secondary Causes:
- Diabetes: One of the leading causes of kidney damage.
- Lupus: An autoimmune disease that can affect the kidneys.
Infections or Medications: Certain bacterial or viral infections and prolonged use of specific drugs.
How is Nephrotic Syndrome Diagnosed?
Tests and Diagnosis
- Urine Tests: To detect protein levels and abnormalities.
- Blood Tests: To check albumin, cholesterol, and kidney function.
Kidney Biopsy:
In some cases, a small tissue sample is examined for detailed analysis.
Treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome
Medical Treatment:
- Medications: Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and diuretics to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms.
- Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs: To address hyperlipidemia.
Lifestyle Modifications:
- Low-salt and low-fat diets to control swelling and cholesterol.
- Regular exercise to improve overall health.
Living with Nephrotic Syndrome
Managing nephrotic syndrome involves regular monitoring and following medical advice. Routine blood and urine tests help track progress and make necessary adjustments to treatment.
Support from healthcare professionals and family is vital for managing the condition effectively and maintaining a good quality of life.
Complications of Nephrotic Syndrome
If untreated, nephrotic syndrome can lead to:
- Chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.
- Blood clots due to altered protein levels.
- Increased susceptibility to infections.
- Cardiovascular issues from high cholesterol.
Nephrotic Syndrome in Children
Children can also develop nephrotic syndrome, often due to Minimal Change Disease (MCD). With prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, outcomes are generally positive.
Kidney Transplantation
For severe cases where kidney function is significantly impaired, a kidney transplant may be necessary. Early detection and management can help delay or prevent the need for transplantation.
Monitoring People with Nephrotic Syndrome
For severe cases where kidney function is significantly impaired, a kidney transplant may be necessary. Early detection and management can help delay or prevent the need for transplantation.
Expert Care in Thane
If you or your loved ones experience symptoms of nephrotic syndrome, seek guidance from an expert. Dr. Pritam Lala Khomane, a renowned Nephrologist in Thane, provides personalized care and comprehensive treatment for kidney-related conditions.
Take charge of your kidney health today!